The Diversity Armed Forces of Canada

"As a result of these changes, CFLRS [Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School] is experiencing significant changes in candidates' basic capabilities and increasing pressures on staff and instructors." 

"For many candidates it is the first time that they have lived with members of a different sex and for some it is also the first time they have been expected to treat women as their peers."

"Older candidates from certain cultural backgrounds are also more likely to experience friction when responding to younger CFLRS instructors due to cultural hierarchies based on age." 

"[An early foreign-origin-heavy French platoon was] plagued by allegations of racism from candidates against staff but equally candidates against other candidates and constant infighting between cultural blocks within the platoon -- i.e., Cameroonian candidates against those from Cote d'Ivoire."

"[On the English side, platoons with heavy permanent resident members] suffered from low fitness levels."

National Defence, Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School report 

 

"[The military is currently working on an] onboarding tool [to explain the institution's ethos and culture to candidates'."

"On French [officer] platoons, where permanent residents have made up 50 - 80% of all candidates, there have been more emotional responses, with francophone staff openly raising the question of whether it is appropriate for officer commissions to be granted to non-Canadian citizens."

Commodore Pascal Belhumeur, spokesman, Department of National Defence 

Recruits on a field course sweep for dropped belongings during basic military training (BMQ) at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Que., on April 29, 2024. (Evan Mitsui/CBC)

 

Through Canada's recruiting of non-citizens for the Canadian Military enabled by an experimental drive to increase the active participation of Canadian Armed Forces personnel, a January internal report highlights that the lowering of entrance standards has brought with it somewhat predictable complications, where recruits fail at greater rates, reflecting those changes to recruit practices dated from late 2024. 

 

New changes to the Canadian Armed Forces recruitment process:

• Restrictions on candidates with certain health and mental health issues lifted;
• More permanent residents permitted to join;
• Security screening reduced
• Old aptitude test  dropped

The tight restrictions of 2022 which permitted permanent residents to join the Armed Forces were relaxed in 2024, resulting in close to 800 recruits, in months following the change; in 2025, 1,400 permanent residents were recruited. Among permanent resident candidates instructors note poor English and French skills, along with problems emerging with new male recruits accepting the presence of women as military peers. In basic training surveys included complaints of "inter-candidate cultural frustration", the major concern linked to a lack of respect for women.

 

"That sort of behaviour is absolutely not tolerated in the Canadian Armed Forces"; any members engaging in such behaviour are removed "if it comes up", according to Commodore Pascal Belhumeur. A higher attrition rate is viewed as an assurance that preventive mechanisms are in play. Overall, the rate of basic training completion dropped from 85 percent to 77 percent in the first three quarters of 2025, according to the report.

 

Greater numbers of candidates are ordered to repeat a course, where previously the numbers were lower, ranging from four to eight percent, whereas in 2025 that repeat-course number was 15 percent. In 2023, 62 percent of candidates retaking a course saw medical reasons as the cause; another 15 percent for failing practical evaluations (i.e., drills, weapons and fitness); while another two percent retook a course for failing academic evaluations on topics from sexual misconduct to navigation theory. 

 

New recruits carry duffles full of kit during basic military training (BMQ) at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School, in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Que., on May 1, 2024. (Evan Mitsui/CBC)

 

Only 45 percent of candidates ordered to retake courses in the 2025 fiscal year saw medical reasons as the cause, with 27 percent for failing practical evaluations, and seven percent for academic failures. A higher number of mentally unwell recruits who signed as a result of the lowered entry bar, are mentioned as well in the report. As well, 15 percent of permanent resident candidates failed the initial fitness test; that number was 8 percent among citizen candidates, including newly naturalized citizens. 

 

The basic training success rate for citizens among officer candidates is 85 percent, and 88 percent for permanent residents. One early French officer platoon was comprised 83 percent of permanent residents, half of which were foreign-born recruits. Non-citizen enrolment in the average French officer course is 57 percent ,while amongst English officer platoons permanent residents take up about 30 percent typically, comprising about 25 percent on average, of course enrolment. 

 

More troubling, according to the report, some candidates had been resident in Canada for a mere three months, finally corrected with the imposition of a three-year residency requirement for all candidates. Despite the higher attrition rate among candidates and the increase in cultural and competency problems, the new standards for recruitment, according to the military still resulted in a net-positive impact, since recruitment numbers have increased notably. 

 

 

"I think the Canadian Armed Forces that we are recruiting is a representation of Canadian society now."

"If you look at the number of Canadians that are foreign-born and the number of people who we're bringing into the Canadian Armed Forces, I think we are representative of the Canadian demographic."

"[Recruitment is competitive -- and the military is] proud to reflect the diversity of Canadian society."

"It's absolutely worth it. We went from 63,000 to over 68,000 people in uniform because of the change that we've done, and we've done this in a way without dropping the training standard."

Commodore Pascal Belhumeur