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| The New York Times building. (Jonathan Torgovnik/Getty Images) |
"Together, these patterns support a narrative in which total casualty figures are treated as civilian losses."
"[The findings demonstrated dependence on aggregate numbers from Hamas limited citations of data on terrorist deaths and] disproportionate doubt directed at different sources."
Tatiana Glezer, Fifty Global independent research group
"Estimates indicating a high proportion of civilian deaths may contribute to reframing a conflict from war to genocide."
"In this sense, quantitative representations of harm are not neutral; they carry interpretive consequences that shape both public discourse and institutional judgment."
"[The Gaza health ministry] became the primary source of statistical information about the war casualties."
"Overall, this essential disclaimer about the composition of the casualties appeared in only about 15 percent of all analyzed publications."
"[Reporting absent a fuller picture where data comes from can lead to one side being viewed as victims and the other side as] criminal or genocidal [especially in online discourse]."
Selective Sources, Scrutiny, and the Absence of Standards in Military Conflict Coverage study
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| Dash cam footage shows an armed Hamas terrorist at the Supernova music festival, near Kibbutz Reim in the Negev desert in southern Israel, on Oct. 7, 2023. Photo by ANONYMOUS/AFP |
Published in the peer-reviewed journal Digital Hate Review on September 15, the study, Selective Sources, Scrutiny, and the Absence of Standards in Military conflict Coverage, pointed out that major media outlets which included The New York Times, The Guardian and Associated Press, when reporting on the Israel-Hamas war, placed their reliance on casualty figures provided by the Gaza Ministry of Health, an associate arm of the Hamas terrorist organization.
Study researchers concluded through this study that journalists cited numbers provided by the ministry in 100 percent of the publications reviewed in the study. Israeli-provided data was cited, in comparison, by only three percent of all articles under review. Triggered by an attack by Palestinian terrorists led by Hamas when thousands crossed the border from Gaza into southern Israel on 7 October 2023, slaughtering 1,200 mostly civilians in Israel, taking 251 children, families, women, men, foreign farm workers and Israeli soldiers back into Gaza, Israel responded by its defense forces entering Gaza to rout out the terrorists.
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| Security footage at the Kibbutz Be’ri showing Hamas shooting point blank at passengers in a car. Handout |
By 2025, as part of a U.S.-negotiated peace agreement, the Israeli Defense Forces began withdrawing troops, despite which violence and unrest continue in the region, as Hamas uses the break in the conflict to rearm, recruit and reassert its violent agency in the Gaza Strip, that part not policed by still-present Israeli troops. Hamas remains defiant to the orders given it by a 'peace committee', to surrender their arms. In the interim, any Palestinians in Gaza remaining under Hamas rule, who chafe at the continued domination and persecution, are summarily shot. Rival clan groups in Gaza have attempted to unseat Hamas, inconclusively.
It was the focus of the study to research their topic by investigating 1,378 articles that saw publication from March to June of 2024 in eight English-language news outlets, specifically, CNN, BBC, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Washington Post, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Reuters and Associated Press. This was a period when Israeli hostages were still being held in Gaza. These members of the legacy media under study were found not to have made distinctions between terrorists and civilian deaths in their reportage, just as the Gaza Ministry of Health did not.
During the war, the study suggests a more comprehensive understanding of deaths could have been achieved through the inclusion of both primary sources: the Israel Defense Forces, providing estimates of terrorist casualties and the Gaza Ministry of Health, which does not. In 2024, the IDF stated that terrorists are classified by them as individuals who were killed while in possession of weapons. Which of the news outlets made mention of the fact that the ministry's figures fail to distinguish between civilians and terrorists were also examined by the study.
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| Fighters with the Ezz-Al Din Al-Qassam Brigades, the armed wing of the Hamas terrorist organization, rest on a sidewalk during a patrol in Khan Yunis in the southern Gaza Strip on January 26, 2020. Photo by SAID KHATIB / AFP |
The BBC was found to be the outlet that most frequently made note of the ministry's affiliation with Hamas; some 95 percent of its articles. On the other hand, only 5 percent of CNN articles made mention of that fact, and articles appearing in The New York Times and The Washington Post made that mention in merely 2 percent of their articles. As for which outlets made mention that the ministry's figures fail to distinguish between civilians and terrorists, The Associated Press and The Washington Post made that mention in roughly 40 percent of articles; the BBC and Reuters did in 1 to 2 percent of articles.
Labels: 7Oct/23, Gaza Ministry of Health, Hamas Invasion of Israel, Israel Defense Forces, Legacy English Media Study, Statistics